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Magnesium and magnesium-based alloys
Magnesium and magnesium-based alloys
Magnesium (Mg) is a silver-white metal; melting point is 648.8°C and boiling point is 1107°C. The density is 1.74 g/cm3 which is only 2/3 of aluminum, 2/5 of titanium, and 1/4 of steel;
The mechanical properties of pure magnesium are low. Its tensile strength is about 165~205MPa, its yield strength is about 69~105MPa, and its elongation after fracture is about 3~10%. Its corrosion resistance is also very low and it cannot be directly used as a structure material.
Therefore, various magnesium alloys can be manufactured by adding alloying elements to magnesium.
Magnesium alloys
Magnesium alloys
Magnesium Alloy refers to a class of lightweight metallic materials in which magnesium is the primary constituent (typically over 80%), alloyed with elements such as aluminum, zinc, and manganese to tailor mechanical and functional properties. As one of the most widely used lightweight structural metals, magnesium alloys strike a strong balance between performance, manufacturability, and practical application.
Magnesium alloys are the lightest structural metals, offering exceptionally low density with high specific strength and stiffness, making them ideal for weight-critical applications in automotive, aerospace, electronics, and defense. They combine excellent castability and machinability with outstanding vibration damping, effective electromagnetic shielding, and superior thermal management compared with many conventional materials. Although challenges remain in corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance, advances in alloy design, surface engineering, and casting technologies have largely mitigated these limitations, positioning magnesium alloys as high-performance, recyclable, and sustainable structural materials for advanced engineering applications.
According to process performance, it can be divided into two categories: Cast magnesium alloy and Wrought magnesium alloy; according to different chemical compositions, there are mainly Mg-Al-Zn-Mn series (Az series), Mg-Al-Mn series (AM), Mg-Al -Si-Mn series (AS), Mg-Zn-Zrn (ZK), Mg-Zn-RE series (ZE) and other alloys.
Magnesium alloy grades
Magnesium alloy grades
In ASTM standards, the main varieties of magnesium alloys are AZ31B, AZ91D, AM60B, AM50A . AS41B.ZK60.ZK60A and WE43. Taking AZ91D as an example, A and Z represent the main added elements aluminum and zinc respectively, 9 represents the weight proportion of the first added element aluminum, which is about 9%, 1 represents the weight proportion of the second added element zinc, which is about 1%, D Indicates the alloy development serial number. When other trace amounts of added elements and impurities are not considered, the weight ratio of magnesium in magnesium alloys is the balance after deducting the added elements.
Fig1 Stress-strain curve of high-strength and tough magnesium alloy
From internal test data
Typical mechanical properties of magnesium alloys include tensile strength between 115 and 600 MPa, yield strength between 70 and 400 MPa, elongation at break usually around 8% to 20%, and Brinell hardness between 50 and 120 HB.
Magnesium alloys have wide applications in many fields, including:
Automotive industry, communications electronics industry, aerospace industry, medical field, military industry, other fields, etc.
Magnesium alloys are developing rapidly and are used more and more widely. The research on magnesium alloys can be roughly divided into two categories: structural materials and functional materials.
In the technology market, there are many basic theoretical studies on the strengthening and toughening mechanism and plastic deformation mechanism of magnesium alloys. There are many studies on rare earth alloys to improve the strength and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.
Revealed the broad application prospects of magnesium alloys in various fields.
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